The Analysis of Forest and Land Fire and Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the Climate Change in Indonesia

Abstract

Due to forest and land fires and various industrial emissions, climate change has become a big issue today. The current article explores the effects of forest and land fire, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, population expansion, and industrialization on Indonesia's climate change. This article gathers statistics from 1991 to 2020 using the World Development Indicators (WDI) and Statista. The researchers utilized dynamic Auto-regressive Distributed Lags (DARDL) to examine the relationship between substudy components. Forest and land fire, CO2 emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, population expansion, and industrialization were positively associated with climate change in Indonesia. The report provides policymakers with suggestions for formulating climate change policies utilizing forest and land fire, CO2, and GHG emissions.