Mona Abdel Sakban Fahd University of Babylon, College of Administration and Economics, Iraq
Email: bus.sakban@student.uobabylon.edu.iq
Mahdi Khaleel Shadeed Al-Mamoori University of Babylon, College of Administration and Economics, Iraq
Email: bus.mahdi.khaleel@uobabylon.edu.iq
Hussein Abbas Al-Shammari University of Babylon, College of Administration and Economics, Iraq
Email: bus.hussein.abbas@uobabylon.edu.iq

Abstract:

Due to enormous commercial and financial operations that demand new literature and the experience of regulators, environmental degradation has become an important issue. Consequently, this study investigates the effect of financial credits, economic growth (EG), renewable energy (RE) output, and energy import on Iraq's environmental condition (carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. The paper also utilized a control variable, such as industrialization, to predict Iraq's environmental circumstances. From 1991 through 2020, secondary statistics were gathered from the World Development Indicators (WDI). Dynamic Auto-regressive Distributed Lags (DARDL) were used to examine the variables' relationship. Financial credits, economic growth, RE output, energy import, and industrialization were found to have a negative relationship with CO₂ emissions in Iraq. The research advises policymakers on preventing environmental deterioration through effective financial credits, economic growth, and renewable energy.

Keywords:Financial credits, economic growth, renewable energy output, energy import, environmental condition, CO2 emissions.