Majeed M. Abid
Department of Accounting / Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad 10011, Iraq.Email: dr.majeed@huc.edu.iq
Nidhal Raheem Mardood
Department of Accounting / College of Management and Economic/Al-Esraa University/Baghdad, Iraq.Email: Iraq.nidhal@esraa.edu.iq
Amenah Muayad Abdullah
College of Education/Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq.Email: mizherrabaa4@gmail.com
Mohammed Salim Madi
Department of Accounting / Mazaya University College Iraq.Email: mohammedmadi196@mpu.edu.iq
Muqdad Hussein Ali
College of Media, Department of Journalism/ The Islamic University in Najaf, Najaf, Iraq.Email: Muqdadhussein@gmail.com
Mohammed Yousif Oudah Al-Muttar
Scientific Research Centre, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.Email: mohd.yousif@alayen.edu.iq
Rajaa Jasim Mohammed
Department of Management/ Al-Nisour University College/ Baghdad/ Iraq.Email: rajaa.j.bs@nuc.edu.iq
Ghassan Kasim Al_Lami
Business Management Department/ Ashur University College/Baghdad/ Iraq.Email: ghassank@gmail.com
Raad M. Sayed-Lafi
College of Education/ National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq.Email: raad.fisheries@gmail.com
Abstract:
In the present study, the sustainable economic growth of Iraq is evaluated by analyzing six key explanatory variables, namely industrialization, deforestation, trade, employment, and agricultural expansion, which is measured by arable land. The study utilizes a time series research design spanning from 2000 to 2021. A quantitative approach was adopted, and data were collected from the World Bank database. The study utilized FMOLS (fully modified ordinary least squares) and DOLS (dynamic ordinary least squares) regression techniques to investigate the relationship. Additionally, canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) estimation was employed as a robust estimator. The results reveal significant negative effects of employment and deforestation on GDP per capita (GDPC). Industrialization also negatively impacts GDPC, while trade shows a positive influence. On the other hand, arable land does not exhibit a significant impact on GDPC. Based on the findings, the research suggests several policy implications.
Keywords:Sustainable economic growth, Industrialization, Trade, Deforestation, Agricultural expansio.