Sitthisak Pinmongkhonkul Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
Email: sitthisak.pi@up.ac.th
Warach Madhayamapurush Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, School of Business and Communication Arts, University of Phayao 56000 Thailand.
Email: warach.ma@up.ac.th
Thanakorn Panyopo Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
Email: thanakornbanky@gmail.com

Abstract:

This study aimed to survey bird species and assessed bird diversity at Ang Luang, University of Phayao, located in Mae Ka, Mueang Phayao District, Phayao Province. The research was conducted between November 2022 and February 2023, with surveys taking place twice daily morning sessions from 7:30 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. and evening sessions from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. across six survey stations over a 12-week period. A total of 522 bird individuals belonging to 19 families and 34 species were observed, though 8 individuals could not be identified. The most common bird families were Columbidae and Muscicapidae, each with four species, followed by Cuculidae and Pycnonotidae, each with three species. The most abundant bird species were Common Myna, Sooty-headed Bulbul, and White-vented Myna. Of the 34 identified species, 22 were residents, 6 were migratory, and 6 were both resident and migratory species. None of the species were listed as reserved wild animals of Thailand, but 32 out of the 34 species were on Thailand’s protected species list. All species were classified as least concern by the IUCN, with one species listed in CITES Appendices II. The bird diversity index at Ang Luang was 2.69, with an evenness index of 0.72. Species were categorized by relative abundance, revealing 2 abundant species, 4 common species, 7 moderately common species, 14 uncommon species, and 15 rare species. Similarity index analysis indicated that the survey points with the most similar bird populations were Points 1 and 2, while Points 4 and 6 were the least similar. The study area was divided into two types of land use: waterside public spaces, which included Points 1, 2, 3, and 6, and deciduous dipterocarp forests, which included Points 4 and 5. The average temperature was 24.58 ± 3.28°C in the morning and 28.37 ± 1.24°C in the evening. Relative humidity averaged 61.30 ± 8.15% in the morning and 47.95 ± 2.92% in the evening. Light intensity was 10,676.17 ± 7,695.37 lx in the morning and 2,746.21 ± 1,650.41 lx in the evening. The findings from this study are valuable for informing the management of the university’s natural areas and the conservation of biodiversity. Additionally, the data can contribute to the development of ecotourism and educational initiatives related to birds at the university.

Keywords:Bird Diversity, Ang Luang, University of Phayao.