Societal and Economic Factors Impact On Agriculture Foods Products Productivity: A Dynamic Model Analysis

Abstract

The research aimed to test the impact of societal and economic factors on agricultural production in Gulf Cooperation Council countries (GCC) countries.  Longitudinal quantitative secondary data were collected from 2005 to 2023. Both diagnostics and regression analysis were conducted. Utilizing a dynamic panel data approach, the research found that per capita income, gross domestic product, and educational levels positively influence agricultural productivity, while rural population and food imports have negative effects. Moreover, the role of agricultural exports and gender equality emerged as significant positive effects on agricultural productivity. These findings emphasize the importance of economic prosperity, education, and inclusive practices in driving agricultural productivity. Study with empirical significant findings, theoretically contributed to filling existing gaps by integrating both social and economic variables into the productivity model, providing a more comprehensive framework for similar contexts. Practically, the results suggest targeted policy measures that promote economic growth should support rural development, and encourage gender inclusivity in agriculture, while also balancing domestic production with food imports. This integrated approach aligns with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 goals, offering valuable insights for sustainable agricultural development.