Stéphane Lemarié
INRA/SERD, Université Pierre Mendès, France

Pioneer and Monsanto are two major players in the seed and the agricultural biotechnology business. They have both tended to develop an integrated innovation strategy around a limited range of key innovations, which have been United States (US) oriented until now. A set of signals suggests, however, that this picture might change substantially during the next decade.

Keywords: Appropriability; biotechnology; genetically modified organisms (GMOs); industry structure; innovation; seed; pesticide; regulation.