Pierre-Benoit Joly and Stéphane Lemarié
INRA/SERD & Université de Grenoble

In this paper, we summarize the evolution of the plant biotechnology industry in Europe and discuss relevant competitive issues. We also comment on the rise of public opposition to the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture in Europe, and conclude by highlighting key aspects of the emerging European policy on GMOs, and its political economy.
Key words: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs); European consolidation; public attitude.