Cassandra Klotz-Ingram and Kelly Day-Rubenstein
ERS/USDA

Agricultural research has experienced increased industry spending and public-private collaborations. Private incentives for public goods research are limited. Public-private ventures can foster socially beneficial research. Joint research opportunities must attract firms, yet conform to public goals. A strong public research sector can allay concerns about industry’s role in research and development (R&D;).

Key words: Agriculture; biotechnology; Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA); intellectual property rights (IPRs); public policy; research and development.